Key words ＆ Sentences
关键词句全知道
Chinese paintings use ink as their dominant feature while color is peripheral。
当色彩还不是很流行时，中国画以墨色为主。
Blank spaces are often appeared in Chinese paintings。
在国画中经常看见有空白的地方。
The principal forms of traditional Chinese paintings are the hanging scroll， album of paintings， sectoral paintings and long horizontal scroll。
国画的四大基本形式是挂画、画册、扇面画和长画条幅。
A painting is not considered to have been completed until it is mounted。
只有上裱了的国画才算是正式完成。
Traditional Chinese painting’s content and artistic creation reflect the national consciousness of the Chinese nation and the aesthetic taste。
国画在内容和艺术创作上，反映了中华民族的民族意识和审美情趣。
According to the screen， it can be divided into traditional painting and modern painting。
国画根据画面内容又可以分为传统绘画和现代绘画。
Picasso， Matisse， Monet and so on have studied Chinese paintings。
毕加索、马蒂斯、莫奈等都学过中国画。
Ladies paintings refer to the paintings which treat beauties as the main content。
仕女画是指以美女为主要内容的画。
Mr。 Qi Baishi was a skillful poet， calligrapher and seal－cutter。
齐白石是一个有名的诗人、书法家，篆刻家。
Chinese painting is a combination in the same picture of poetry， calligraphy， painting and seal engraving。 They were indispensable elements， which supply and enrich each other in contributing to the beauty of the whole picture。
中国画中集结了各种艺术，包括诗词、书法、绘画、篆刻，这些都是独立的元素，但都为国画的优雅增添了一分色彩。
At the beginning of the 20th century， some painters from Shanghai， Hangzhou， Nanjing， Guangzhou and Beijing started to challenge the old tradition of Chinese painting by introducing new art concepts from the West and establishing in art school to train artists。
20世纪初，一些来自上海、杭州、南京、广州和北京等的画家通过引进西方新的艺术概念来冲击国画这一传统艺术，并且在艺术学校被接受，用以训练艺术家。
Mr。 Qi Baishi’s favorite subjects included flowers， insects， birds， landscapes and human figures。
齐白石最喜欢画花虫鸟、山水和人物。
There are something different between Chinese paintings and oil paintings。
中国画和油画有很多不同。
Traditional Chinese ink painting is one of the brilliant Chinese culture creations。
国画是古代人民智慧的结晶的一种表现形式。
In the early years of the People’s Republic of China， artists were encouraged to turn to the socialist realism。
在共和国成立初期，国家鼓励画家转向现实主义风格。
The color is very simple and elegant in traditional Chinese paintings。
国画的颜色都很素雅。
Traditional Chinese painting is a good gift to give because it can show the characteristics of China。
国画是送人的好礼品，能展现中国的特色。
The painting is now generally painted on the Xuan paper。
现在的国画一般都是在宣纸上画。
Traditional Chinese painting， as China’s traditional crafts， is receiving social and cultural impact。
国画作为我国传统手艺，正在接受社会文化的冲击。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Lily： Hi， nice to meet you。 How are you？
莉莉：很高兴见到你，你好吗？
Chen Xi： Fine。 Thank you。
陈曦：我很好。
Lily： Could you do me a favor？
莉莉：你能帮我个忙吗？
Chen Xi： Sure。 What is it？
陈曦：当然可以。什么事？
Lily： I bought a piece of Chinese painting。 There is a poem in the painting。 I wonder if you can translate it for me。
莉莉：我买了一副中国画。画上有一首诗。你能把它翻译成英语吗？
Chen Xi： No problem。 But， you know， I’m not a translator and poems are the hardest to be translated。
陈曦：没问题。但是，你知道。我不是一个专门做翻译的，而且诗歌是最难译的。
Lily： I know that。 Just tell me the general meaning of the poem。 I’m not asking you to translate it into poem。 Here is the painting。
莉莉：这我知道。你只需要告诉我大概意思就行了。你不需要把它翻译成诗歌。这就是那幅画。
Chen Xi： In that case， it is much easier。 Oh， how beautiful it is！ Let me see。 The painter is Mr。 Qi Baishi。 He is a famous artist。 Where did you buy it？
陈曦：那样就容易多了。噢，这画真漂亮！让我看看，作者是齐白石，他是著名的艺术家。你从哪儿买的？
Lily： It is from a store on the Liu Li Chang Street。 I don’t know there is a name of the artist。 I just like the pictures。
莉莉：从琉璃厂街的一个商店买的。我不知道画上还有作者的名字。我就是喜欢这画。
Chen Xi： If the painter is a famous ancient artist， the painting would be much more valuable。 It is a custom that a painting will always have the artist’s seal。
陈曦：如果是一个著名的古代画家，他的画会贵重得多。中国画一般会有画家的印章。
Lily： Thank you。 I learned a lot from you。
莉莉：谢谢。我从你那儿学了不少东西。
Chen Xi： My pleasure。
陈曦：不用谢。
Chinese National Music
古典民乐
我国古典民乐源于劳动人民的生活以丰富多彩的形式存在于现实生活中。在我国，一个由56个民族共同组成的大家庭中，民族音乐丰富多彩，犹如繁茂的鲜花，竞相争艳。它们涵盖的艺术种类繁多，它们都是劳动人民集体智慧的结晶，是凝聚各族人民团结的纽带，对于保持我们中华民族文化的独特审美趣味并传承中国音乐文化精神起着极为重要的作用。
Realize Chinese National Music
认识古典民乐
1古典民乐的简介
Chinese national music is the traditional art or court music of China。 It has a long history stretching for more than three thousand years。 It has its own unique systems of musical notation， as well as musical tuning and pitch， musical instruments and styles or musical genres。
Chinese national music is pentatonic－diatonic， having a scale of twelve notes to an octave as does European－influenced music。
Chinese national music appeared dating back to the dawn of Chinese civilization， and documents and artifacts provide evidence of a well－developed musical culture as early as Zhou Dynasty （1046 BC–256 BC）。
National music is probably more familiar with us than we might think at first image。 Indeed， it is all around us in the past and can be noticed in restaurants， supermarkets， lifts， advertisements or in television programmes。
Unluckily， while national music is socially undivisive in itself， it has unfortunately become associated in most people’s minds with the intellectual elite。 Even now， and with certain honorable exceptions， the attending of a live concert can be an intimidating （not to say costly） experience for the uninitiated， especially in that most jealously guarded of establishments， the opera house。 The wonderful thing about the technological age in which we live， and particularly the advent of the compact disc， is that we can bypass all irrelevant social and intellectual pretence， and enjoy in the comfort of our own home （often at far less cost） some of the finest music ever composed。
2古典民乐的乐器种类和名曲
（1）古典民乐的乐器