书城宗教只为途中与你相见:仓央嘉措传与诗全集
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第30章 附录Ⅰ (1)

仓央嘉措诗歌全编仓央嘉措情歌自1930年于道泉的第一个汉译本问世以来,陆续出现过许多译本,其中最著名的共有三个,即于道泉的白话译本、刘希武的五言古体诗译本和曾缄的七言绝句译本,在“信、达、雅”这三大标准上各有所长。

(一)于道泉白话译本与英译本

The Love-songs of 6th Dalai Lama TshangYang Gyatsho

材料来源:于道泉《第六代达赖喇嘛仓央嘉措情歌》,1930。

从东边的山尖上,

白亮的月儿出来了。

“未生娘”*的脸儿,

在心中已渐渐地显现。

From the mountain peaks in the east,

The silvery moon has peeped out.

And the face of that young maiden,

Has gradually appeared in my mind.

注:“未生娘”系直译藏文之ma-skyes-a-ma一词,为“少女”之意。

去年种下的幼苗

今岁已成禾束;

青年老后的体躯,

比南方的弓*还要弯。

The young sprouts planted last year,

(Have become) bundles of straw this year.

The aged bodies of (former) youths,

Are more bent than the bows from the south.

注:制弓所用之竹,乃来自南方不丹等地。

自己的意中人儿,

若能成终身的伴侣,

犹如从大海底中,

得到一件珍宝。

If the one in whom Ihave lost heart,

Can become my lifelong companion.

It would be just like getting a jewel,

From the bottom of the sea.

邂逅相遇的情人,

是肌肤皆香的女子,

犹如拾了一块白光的松石*,

却又随手抛弃了。

The lover from whom I met and parted by chance,

Is a girl with a perfumed body.

It is like picking up a turquoise of whitish luster,

And throwing it away off-hand.

注:“松石”乃是藏族人民最喜欢的一种宝石,好的价值数千元。在西藏有好多人相信最好的松石有避邪护身的功用。

伟人大官的女儿,

若打量伊美丽的面貌,

就如同高树的尖儿,

有一个熟透的果儿。

If one looks at the beautiful appearance of the daughter,

Of a great man and high official;

It is like looking at a ripened fruit,

On the top of a talltree.

自从看上了那人,

夜间睡思断了。

因日间未得到手,

想得精神累了吧!

Since I lost heart in that person,

I have suffered from sleeplessness during the night.

Is it because I was unable to get her in the daytime,

So I have become tired in spirit?

花开的时节已过,

“松石蜂儿”*并未伤心,

同爱人的因缘尽时,

我也不必伤心。

The season of flowers has passed,

And the turquoise-colored bee does not moan,

When fate has separated me from my lover,

I should (also) not moan.

注:据藏族人民说西藏有两种蜜蜂,一种黄色的叫做黄金蜂gser-sbarng,一种蓝色的叫做松石蜂gyu-sbrang。

草头上严霜的任务*,

是作寒风的使者。

鲜花和蜂儿拆散的,

一定就是“它”啊。

The business of hoar-frost on the grass,

(Is to be) the messenger of the north-wind;

(He) is in deed the very person,

Which separates the bees from the flowers.

注:这一句意义不甚明了,原文中rtsi-thog一字乃达斯氏《藏英字典》中所无。在库伦印行的一本《藏蒙字典》中有rtstog一字,译作蒙文tuemuesue(禾)。按thog与tos本可通用,故rtsi-tog或即rtsi-thog的另一拼法。但是将rtsi-thog解作(禾)字,这一行的意义还是不明。最后我将rtsi字当做rtswahi字的误写,将kha字当做khag字的误写,乃勉强译出。这样办好像有点过于大胆,不过我还没有别的办法能使这一行讲得通。

野鹅同芦苇发生了感情,

虽想少住一会儿。

湖面被冰层盖了以后,

自己的心中乃失望。

A goose having become attached to the reed,

And wanted to stay a little while;

But the lake froze all over,

Then he became quite disappointed.

10

渡船*虽没有心,

马头却向后看我;

没有信义的爱人,

已不回头看我。

10

Although a ferry-boat is heartless,

The horse-head turns its head and looks at me,

But that unfaithful lover (of mine),

No longer turns her head to look at me.

注:在西藏的船普通有两种:一种叫做ko-ba的皮作的,只顺流下行时用。因为船身很轻,到了下游后撑船的可以走上岸去,将船背在背上走到上游再载着客或货往下游航行。另一种叫做gru-shan是木头作的,专作摆渡用。这样的摆渡船普通都在船头上安一个木刻的马头,马头都是安作向后看的样子。

11

我和市上的女子

用三字作的同心结儿,

没用解锥去解,

在地上自己开了。

11

I and the girl of the market place,

Made that true love knot in three words.

I did not try to unite it with an awl,

It became untied of its own accord.

12

从小爱人的“福幡”*

竖在柳树的一边,

看柳树的阿哥自己,

请不要“向上”抛石头。

12

The fortune-bringing flag of my lover,

Is hoisted on one side of the willow tree.

Brother the willow keeper,

Do not throw stones at it your-self I pray.

注:在西藏各处的屋顶和树梢上边都竖着许多印有梵、藏文咒语的布幡,叫做rlung-bskyed或dar-lcog。藏族人民以为可以借此祈福。

13

写成的黑色字迹,

已被水和雨滴消灭;

未曾写出的心迹,

虽要拭去也无从。

13

Words written with black ink,

Have been effaced by water drops.

Unwritten designs in the mind,

(You) cannot erase them even if (you) want to.

14

嵌的黑色的印章,

话是不会说的。

请将信义的印儿,

嵌在各人的心上。

14

The black seal printed with a stamp,

Does not know how to speak,

Please stamp the seal of faith,

On the heart of each of us.

15A

有力的蜀葵花儿,

你若去作供佛的物品,

也将我年幼的松石蜂儿,

带到佛堂里去。

15A

That powerful mallow flower,

If you go and become an offering article,

Please also bring me, the youthful turquoise-colored bee,

To the temple of the gods.

15B

我的意中人儿*

若是要去学佛,

我少年也不留在这里,

要到山洞中去了。

15B

If the one in whom I have lost heart do not stay,

And goes in for the religion of the gods,

Neither I, the youth, will remain here,

But will go to the hermit’s cavern in the hills.

注:达斯本作“意中的女子”。

16

我往有道的喇嘛面前,

求他指我一条明路。

只因不能回心转意,

又失足到爱人那里去了。

16

I went to a holy Lama,

And asked for spiritual advice.

But I was unable to change my mind,

So again I drifted to (my) lover’s side.

17A

我默想喇嘛底脸儿,

心中却不能显现;

我不想爱人的脸儿,

心中却清楚地看见。

17A

The Lama’s face which I try to meditate upon,

Does not appear in my mind.

The lover’s face which I do not meditate upon,

Appears in my mind clear and distinct.

17B

若以这样的“精诚”,

用在无上的佛法,

即在今生今世,

便可肉身成佛。

17B

If one’s mind is so (inclined)

Toward the sublime doctrine.

He could with this very body

Obtain Buddhahood in this very life.

18

洁净的水晶山上的雪水,

铃荡子*上的露水,

加上甘露药的酵“所酿成的美酒”,

智慧天女*当垆。

若用圣洁的誓约去喝,

即可不遭灾难。

18

The snow water from the pure Crystal Mountain,

And dew drops from the klu-bdud-rdo-rje grass.

When elixir is used as yeast,(and brewed into wine),

(and let the) wine seller be the Goddess of wisdom.

So if we drink such wine with a sacred vow,

We shall never have to taste the waters of bitterness.

注一:“铃荡子”藏文为klu-bdud-rde-rje,因为还未能找到它的学名,或英文名,所以不知道是什么样的一种植物。

注二:“智慧天女”原文为Ye-shes-mkhah-hgro。乃Ye-shes-kyi-mkhah-hgro-ma之略。

Ye-shes意为"智慧"。mkhah-hgro-ma直译为“空行女”。此处为迁就语气,故译作“智慧天女”。按mkhah-hgro-ma一词在藏文书中都用它译梵文之dakini一字,而dakini在汉文佛经中译音作“厂茶吉泥”,乃是能盗食人心的夜叉鬼,(参看丁氏《佛学大辞典》1892页中)而在西藏传说中“空行女”即多半是绝世美人。在西藏故事中常有“空行女”同世人结婚的事,和汉族故事中的狐仙颇有点相似。

普通藏族人民常将“空行女”与“救度母”(sgrol-ma)相混。

19

当时来运转的际会,

我竖上了祈福的宝幡。

就有一位名门的才女,

请我到伊家去赴宴。*

19